How is a disqualification decided and recorded?

Under World Aquatics rules:

• The Referee makes disqualifications. Inspectors of Turns, Judges of Stroke and the Starter report breaches within their own jurisdiction to the Referee.
• If the Referee personally sees a breach, the Referee disqualifies the swimmer.
• If another official verbally reports a breach, the Referee may disqualify. Once the Referee confirms it, the reporting official completes and signs a disqualification card showing the event, lane number and infraction.
• False starts: the Referee disqualifies a swimmer for starting before the signal when the early start is observed and confirmed by the Starter and the Referee. Where automatic equipment is available, the Referee reviews the footage to verify the disqualification.
• Each official decides within their own role independently of other officials.
• A disqualified swimmer gets no time or place in the results. In a relay, the team is disqualified, but legal splits swum before the disqualified swimmer are still recorded.
• If a breach (for example obstruction) hurt another swimmer's chances, the Referee may let that swimmer swim again in the next heat, or, if it happened in the last heat or a final, order it to be re-swum.