What are the 3-second, 5-second, 8-second and 24-second rules?

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Rule What it says 3 seconds (Art. 26) A player may not stay in the opponents' restricted area for more than 3 consecutive seconds while their team controls a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. Allow for a player trying to leave, a player whose team-mate's shot is just leaving the hand, and a player dribbling in to shoot after less than 3 seconds there. Both feet must be outside the area to be established outside it. 5 seconds (Art. 27) A player holding the ball who is closely guarded (an opponent in an active legal guarding position no more than 1 m away) must pass, shoot or dribble within 5 seconds. 8 seconds (Art. 28) A team that gains control in its backcourt must get the ball into its frontcourt within 8 seconds. The count continues (not restarted) when the same team gets a backcourt throw-in after the ball went out, an injury to its own player, its own technical foul, a jump ball situation, a double foul or cancelled equal penalties. 24 seconds (Art. 29) A team in control must attempt a shot within 24 seconds. The ball must leave the hand before the signal and then touch the ring or enter the basket. Shot in the air when the shot clock sounds: if it goes in, the goal counts; if it touches the ring, play continues; if it misses the ring, it is a violation, unless the opponents gain immediate and clear control. The penalty for each of these violations is a throw-in to the opponents from the place nearest the infraction (not directly behind the backboard).

Rule	What it says
3 seconds (Art. 26)	A player may not stay in the opponents' restricted area for more than 3 consecutive seconds while their team controls a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. Allow for a player trying to leave, a player whose team-mate's shot is just leaving the hand, and a player dribbling in to shoot after less than 3 seconds there. Both feet must be outside the area to be established outside it.
5 seconds (Art. 27)	A player holding the ball who is closely guarded (an opponent in an active legal guarding position no more than 1 m away) must pass, shoot or dribble within 5 seconds.
8 seconds (Art. 28)	A team that gains control in its backcourt must get the ball into its frontcourt within 8 seconds. The count continues (not restarted) when the same team gets a backcourt throw-in after the ball went out, an injury to its own player, its own technical foul, a jump ball situation, a double foul or cancelled equal penalties.
24 seconds (Art. 29)	A team in control must attempt a shot within 24 seconds. The ball must leave the hand before the signal and then touch the ring or enter the basket.