Who can default a player, and how are defaults appealed?

Question

Accepted Answer

The Referee, Deputy Referee, Chair Umpire or Roving Umpire may default a player for cause, including tardiness and misconduct (such as failing to follow an official's instructions) (USTA Reg. IV.E.1).

Appeals:

A default issued by an official other than the Referee is appealed to the Referee. If issued on court, the player must tell the official, before leaving the playing area, that they're appealing. Otherwise, the player has 15 minutes from learning of the decision. The Referee's decision is final (Reg. IV.E.4).
A default issued by the Referee goes to the Tournament Appeals Committee, whose decision is final, under the same time limits (Reg. IV.E.3).
No player may leave the playing area while an on-court appeal is pending (Reg. IV.E.5).
Appeals of penalties are limited to questions of law, not judgment (Reg. IV.D.8).
After a penalty that ends the match, delay announcing the score until you know whether the player will appeal (Reg. IV.D.19).
A player who bets on any match is defaulted from all events immediately (Reg. IV.E.6).