How long is a sin bin, and how do substitutions work?

Sin bin (temporary suspension) in age grade rugby

These replace the 10 minutes in World Rugby Law. A second yellow card in the same match is a sending off. A red card means the player takes no further part, can't be replaced, and can't play again until a disciplinary panel has heard the case.

Substitutions and replacements (Under 13 to Under 18)

• Rolling substitutions are allowed: substituted players can come back on at any time.
• Substitutions only happen when the ball is dead and with the referee's permission.
• From Under 15, there's no limit on the number of replacements, even if the teams have different numbers, unless a competition's own regulations say otherwise.

Time a player spends in the sin bin still counts towards their Half Game Rule minimum.