How do substitutions work?

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A substitute must report to the scorer and wait to be beckoned onto the court by an official, then enter at once (except between quarters and during a timeout). Substitutions happen when the ball is dead and the clock is stopped. Halftime: substitutes (or a team representative) must report to the scorer before the 15-second warning at the end of halftime. Otherwise, the players who ended the second quarter start the third. After a timeout: report, or be in position to report, before the warning signal. A player you take out can't come back in until the next substitution opportunity after the clock has properly started following that player's replacement. You can't replace a designated jumper, or a free thrower shooting for a personal foul, unless that player is injured or disqualified. After a disqualification or injury, you have a 15-second replacement interval to send in a substitute.