How is the 0.9 m obstruction distance measured?

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World Netball Rule 16. The sanction for obstruction is a penalty pass. A defender may try to intercept, deflect or defend a player with the ball if there is at least 0.9 m (3 ft) on the ground between: the nearest part of the landing foot of the player with the ball, and the nearest part of the defender's nearer foot on the ground. Measuring in detail: One-foot landing: measure from the landing foot. If it's lifted, measure from where it was grounded. Two-foot landing: if neither foot moves, measure from the closer foot. If one foot moves, measure from the foot that stays grounded. Pivoting: if the player pivots, the measuring point moves with the landing foot, and the defender must readjust. Lifted defender: a defender being lifted by a teammate is measured from either defender's nearer grounded foot. Allowed: from the correct distance, a defender may jump upwards or towards the player and land within 0.9 m, provided this doesn't interfere with the pass or shot. They're also fine if the player with the ball closes the distance. A defender may be within 0.9 m if they make no attempt to defend. Players without the ball: within 0.9 m of an opponent, a player may stretch out their arms only to catch, deflect or intercept a pass or rebound, or to signal momentarily. They may not use arm movements away from the body to block an opponent's movement, beyond natural body stance.