When must I write a violation report, and who can disqualify a competitor?

A technical official must give the Head Referee a violation report when:

• the official has issued a red card;
• circumstances meant the official could not issue a red card in person; or
• a yellow card stop-start or blue card time penalty was not served, for example a competitor penalised for drafting who never reports to the penalty box. The official responsible for reconciling penalties completes the report and includes the name of the official who originally issued the penalty.

Disqualification is a penalty given by the Head Referee, on personal observation, from violation reports, from a protest, or from other evidence such as information from a timing company. The Head Referee needs to be "comfortable satisfaction" and must make all reasonable efforts to tell disqualified competitors as soon as practicable.

Source: AusTriathlon Race Competition Rules June 2026 v1.2, sections 11.10 and 11.11.