How do I record warnings, sanctions, delays and improper requests?

From the FIVB Rules 2025-2028 (Rules 27.2.2.6, 15.11, 16 and 21). You record misconduct warnings, sanctions and improper requests on the scoresheet.

• Misconduct: all misconduct sanctions are individual, remain in force for the whole match and are recorded on the scoresheet. A yellow card to a team member (minor misconduct, Stage 2) is also recorded, although it has no immediate consequence. Misconduct before or between sets is sanctioned the same way and applies in the following set.
• Penalty (first rude conduct, red card): the opponent receives a point and service, so you add the point to the opponent and record the service change.
• Expulsion and disqualification: record them against the person. The sanctioned player must be replaced immediately by a legal or exceptional substitution if on court.
• Delay warning and delay penalty: these are team sanctions, they remain in force for the entire match and are recorded on the scoresheet. The first delay is a warning. The second and later delays by anyone in that team are a penalty: a point and service to the opponent. Delay sanctions imposed before or between sets are applied in the following set.
• Improper requests: the first improper request by a team in the match that does not affect or delay the game is rejected and recorded with no other consequence. A further improper request by the same team is a delay. You notify the referees of a request for a regular interruption that is out of order.

Improper requests include a request during a rally or at or after the whistle to serve, one made by a non-authorised team member, a second substitution by the same team in the same interruption (except for injury, illness, expulsion or disqualification), and one made after the authorised time-outs and substitutions are used up.