What do the umpires' signals mean?

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Under Law 2.13 (2026 Laws), signals to the scorers are made when the ball is dead, by the bowler's end umpire (except Short run, which the umpire at that end signals first). Signal Meaning One arm extended horizontally No ball Both arms extended horizontally Wide Arm waved side to side, finishing across the chest Boundary 4 Both arms raised above the head Boundary 6 Open hand raised above the head Bye Hand touching a raised knee Leg bye Repeatedly tapping one shoulder with the opposite hand 5 penalty runs to the batting side One hand placed on the opposite shoulder 5 penalty runs to the fielding side Bending one arm up and touching the nearer shoulder with the fingertips Short run Touching both shoulders, each with the opposite hand Revoke last signal Pointing to a raised wrist with the other hand Start of the last hour Holding the ball above the head New ball Crossing and re-crossing the wrists below the waist Dead ball Level 3 and 4 conduct offences have two-part signals; acknowledge each part separately. You must acknowledge every signal straight away (Law 3.3), and the umpire waits for your acknowledgement before play continues. If several signals are given, they come in the order the events happened.

Signal	Meaning
One arm extended horizontally	No ball
Both arms extended horizontally	Wide
Arm waved side to side, finishing across the chest	Boundary 4
Both arms raised above the head	Boundary 6
Open hand raised above the head	Bye
Hand touching a raised knee	Leg bye
Repeatedly tapping one shoulder with the opposite hand	5 penalty runs to the batting side
One hand placed on the opposite shoulder	5 penalty runs to the fielding side
Bending one arm up and touching the nearer shoulder with the fingertips	Short run
Touching both shoulders, each with the opposite hand	Revoke last signal
Pointing to a raised wrist with the other hand	Start of the last hour
Holding the ball above the head