How do I score 5 penalty runs?

Question

Accepted Answer

The umpire signals penalty runs when the ball is dead (Law 41.17):

Signal	Meaning
Repeatedly tapping one shoulder with the opposite hand	5 penalty runs to the batting side
Placing one hand on the opposite shoulder	5 penalty runs to the fielding side

To the batting side (Law 41.17.3):

Score them as Penalty extras, in addition to any other penalties.
They don't belong to the delivery before or after, and are in addition to any runs from those deliveries.
They are not credited to the striker or debited to the bowler.
The batters don't change ends because of them.

To the fielding side (Law 41.17.4): add them as Penalty extras to that side's most recently completed innings. If it hasn't batted yet, add them to its next innings.

Penalty runs can be awarded right up until the umpires leave the field, even after a result has been reached; if that undoes the result, play continues (Law 41.17.2).

Laws that can lead to 5 penalty runs include the ball hitting a fielding side's helmet placed on the ground (Law 28.3), illegal fielding (Law 28.2), time wasting (Laws 41.9 and 41.10) and deliberate short runs (Law 18.5).