How do I record substitutions?

Limits: each team has 15 substitutions per set under the 2025-27 rules (an event can reduce this). A substitute may enter any number of times within that limit, but always in the same rotation position.

Before recording, confirm it's legal. The substitute must be on the roster (if rosters are used), enter the correct position, and not have been replaced by an exceptional substitution, declared unable to play, expelled this set or disqualified this match. Tell the 2nd referee right away if it isn't legal.

Three actions for each substitution

1. In the first open row of SCORE AT SUBSTITUTION under the exiting player's position, write the entering player's number in the left box.
2. Write the score in the right box, the substituting team's score first.
3. Slash the next unslashed number in that team's Substitutions row.

Then:

• Tell the 2nd referee when a team uses its 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th substitutions.
• Give the ready signal. For several substitutions by one team, record each pair separately, then signal once.
• If both teams substitute, record them in the order the 2nd referee authorized, and signal once for each side.

Exceptional substitution (injured, expelled or disqualified player with no legal substitute): circle the injured player's number, record the incoming player, don't record a score or slash a substitution (it doesn't count toward the 15), and write it in REMARKS ("EX SUB").