How do misconduct warnings and sanctions work?

Misconduct is dealt with by the 1st referee (Rule 21), who has authority over all team members.

Minor misconduct isn't sanctioned. Prevent teams from reaching the sanctioning level in two stages:

1. a verbal warning through the game captain;
2. a yellow card to the team member concerned. This is a formal warning, recorded on the score sheet, with no immediate consequence.

Sanction scale:

• Sanctions are individual, stay in force for the whole match, are recorded on the score sheet and are applied progressively to repeat offenders.
• Expulsion or disqualification for offensive conduct or aggression needs no previous sanction.
• Expelled: substituted at once if on court, out for the rest of the set, in the dressing room until the set ends. An expelled coach loses the right to intervene in that set.
• Disqualified: substituted at once if on court, in the dressing room for the rest of the match.