When is a player excluded for the rest of the match, and when can a substitute come in?

Question

Accepted Answer

Under World Aquatics rules (Part Six, Articles 10, 17, 18 and 21):

Reason	When a substitute may enter
Misconduct (unacceptable language, aggressive play, refusing orders, disrespect, leaving the pool without permission, acting against the spirit of the game). Red card	Earliest of 18 s of play, a goal, the team regaining the ball, or the team being awarded a free throw, goal throw or penalty throw. If awarded during a stoppage: immediately before the restart
Violent action (contact or attempted contact with malicious intent). A penalty throw is awarded if it happened during play	After 4 minutes of actual play
Interference with a penalty throw after the whistle. Red card	Earliest of the normal re-entry events above
Third personal foul	Immediately if the third was a penalty foul; otherwise the normal re-entry events
Grease or oil found after play has started	Immediately

A player excluded under Article 10 or 17 is also shown a red card. After a team yellow card, any player of that team who repeats the behaviour is shown a red card and excluded for the rest of the match.

A player excluded for the rest of the match leaves via the re-entry area and then the competition area (a player out for three personal fouls may sit on the bench). When the excluded player is the goalkeeper, a substitute goalkeeper may replace a field player at any time.