What are the key time and travelling violations, and how are they called?

The penalty for a violation is a throw-in for the opponents from the place nearest the infraction, except from directly behind the backboard, unless the rules say otherwise (Article 22).

• 3 seconds (Art. 26): a player may not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than 3 consecutive seconds while their team controls a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. Allowances apply for a player attempting to leave, or in the area when a shot is leaving the hand(s).
• Closely guarded (Art. 27): a player holding a live ball with an opponent in an active legal guarding position within 1 m must pass, shoot or dribble within 5 seconds.
• 8 seconds (Art. 28): a team must get the ball into its frontcourt within 8 seconds of gaining control in the backcourt.
• Shot clock (Art. 29): a team must attempt a shot within 24 seconds. If the signal sounds while the ball is in the air and the ball enters the basket or touches the ring, no violation has occurred.
• Backcourt (Art. 30): a team in control in its frontcourt may not cause the ball to be illegally returned to its backcourt.
• Travelling (Art. 25): illegal movement of one or both feet beyond the limits in the article while holding a live ball. A player catching the ball while progressing, or at the end of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting.
• Double dribble (Art. 24): a player may not dribble a second time after the first dribble has ended, unless control was lost to a shot, an opponent's touch, or a pass or fumble touching another player.

Source: FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2026, Articles 22 to 30 (https://assets.fiba.basketball/image/upload/documents-corporate-fiba-official-rules-2026-v1-1.pdf)