How do personal fouls, team fouls and the 5-foul limit work?

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Personal foul (Art. 34): a player's illegal contact with an opponent, whether the ball is live or dead. Against a player not in the act of shooting, play resumes with a throw-in for the non-offending team from the place nearest the infraction. Shooting fouls: if the shot is successful the goal counts and there is 1 additional free throw. If an unsuccessful 2-point shot, 2 free throws. If an unsuccessful 3-point shot, 3 free throws. Throw-in foul: a defensive foul on an opponent about to receive a throw-in when the game clock shows 2:00 or less in the fourth quarter and each overtime. The fouled player gets only 1 free throw, then the non-offending team throws in. Team fouls (Art. 42): a team is in the team foul penalty situation after 4 team fouls in a quarter. Further player personal fouls on a player not in the act of shooting are penalised by 2 free throws instead of a throw-in. Team fouls in each overtime count as fourth-quarter fouls. Exception: a personal foul by a player of the team in control of the live ball (or entitled to it) is penalised by a throw-in for the opponents. Five fouls (Art. 41): a player who has committed 5 fouls must be informed by a referee and must leave the game immediately. Double foul (Art. 35): two opponents committing contact fouls on each other at approximately the same time. Both are charged and no free throws are awarded. Source: FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2026, Articles 34, 35, 41 and 42 (https://assets.fiba.basketball/image/upload/documents-corporate-fiba-official-rules-2026-v1-1.pdf)