What happens to penalties when a race is restarted or resailed?

Under rule 36, a breach of a rule in the original race, or in any previous restart or resail of that race, does not stop a boat competing unless she broke rule 30.4 (black flag). A boat can be penalised only under:

• rule 2 (fair sailing);
• rule 30.2 (Z flag);
• rule 30.4 (black flag);
• rule 69 (misconduct); or
• rule 14 when she has caused injury or serious damage.

Related flag rules: a U flag disqualification does not stand if the race is restarted or resailed (rule 30.3). A Z flag penalty applies even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not if it is postponed or abandoned before the starting signal (rule 30.2). A black flag disqualification applies even if the race is restarted or resailed (rule 30.4).

Source: Racing Rules of Sailing 2025-2028, rules 30 and 36, https://cdn.revolutionise.com.au/site/ofeyzh6cn3tumfga.pdf