What happens for misconduct or violent action, and how do yellow and red cards work?

Question

Accepted Answer

Under World Aquatics rules (Part Six, Articles 10 and 18):

Offence	Sanction
Misconduct: unacceptable language, aggressive play, refusing the Referee's orders, disrespect to an official, leaving the pool without permission, or behaviour against the spirit of the game	Red card and excluded for the rest of the match. A substitute may come in after 18 seconds of play, a goal, or when your team regains the ball or wins a free throw, goal throw or penalty throw (whichever comes first). If it happened during play, the other team gets a free throw
Violent action: contact or attempted contact made with malicious intent to harm or injure, such as kicking or striking, whether or not contact is made	Excluded for the rest of the match. During play, the other team gets a penalty throw. A substitute may come in only after four minutes of actual play
Interfering with a penalty throw after the whistle	Red card, excluded for the rest of the match; the penalty throw stands or is retaken

A kick or strike without malicious intent (a "disproportionate movement") is an ordinary exclusion foul instead.

Cards:

A yellow card is an official warning for the rest of the match, shown to a team (for repeated fouls, simulation, unsporting behaviour or protesting) or to the Head Coach.
After a team yellow, any player who commits more of that behaviour gets a red card and is excluded for the rest of the match.
A player excluded for the rest of the match, including for three personal fouls, is also shown a red card.