How do yellow and red warning cards work?

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A check to the head, a swipe, a dangerous follow-through and a dangerous propel are major fouls that require a mandatory warning card. Other persistent major fouls can get a discretionary card. Yellow card: 2 minutes. Yellow/red card (a second yellow): 5 minutes. Red card: 10 minutes. Carded players serve the time in their team bench area. No substitute may enter until the time expires, so the team plays with one fewer player in its attacking and defending areas. If a substitute enters early, the team re-serves the full penalty. A field player with a second yellow (5 minutes) or a straight red (10 minutes) serves the time and is suspended for the rest of the game. If a suspension is longer than the time left in the quarter, it carries over into the next quarter and overtime. The off-field official can also award a warning card for misconduct by a coach, manager or other team staff.