What are the most common penalties in a club stroke event?

The Rules of Golf have two levels of penalty for breaches during play, plus penalty strokes for specific actions:

• General penalty: two strokes in stroke play (loss of hole in match play). It applies to most breaches where the potential advantage is more significant, such as playing from a wrong place.
• Disqualification: for serious misconduct or where the potential advantage is too significant for the score to be valid, such as signing for a lower score than you took.
• One penalty stroke: for example stroke-and-distance relief, taking relief from a penalty area or an unplayable ball, an unannounced provisional ball, or a first breach of unreasonable delay.

When a penalty applies: when the breach results from your or your caddie's own actions, from someone acting at your request or authority, or when you see someone about to breach the Rules concerning your ball or equipment and do not take reasonable steps to stop it.

Multiple breaches: breaches between the same two events (completing a stroke, or becoming aware of a breach) get only one penalty, at the higher level if they differ.

Honesty: you must apply the Rules to yourself and apply your own penalties. Deliberately failing to apply a known penalty, or agreeing with others to ignore a Rule or penalty known to apply, means disqualification. (Rules 1.3b and 1.3c)