What is a foot-fault, and what is the penalty?

The requirement (law 7). Before delivery a player must be standing on the mat with all or part of at least one foot on the mat. At the moment of delivering the jack or a bowl, the player must have all or part of one foot on or above the mat. A player using an approved wheelchair must have one wheel on the mat before delivery, and all or part of one wheel on or above the mat at the moment of delivery. Anyone not meeting this commits a foot-fault.

The penalty (law 8).

• On the first occasion the umpire (by their own observation or on appeal by a skip or opponent in Singles) warns the player in the presence of the skip, and tells the coach if present.
• On each occasion after that, the umpire has the player's bowl stopped and declared dead.
• If the bowl could not be stopped and disturbs the head, the opposing skip (or opponent in Singles) chooses to replace the head, leave it as altered, or declare the end dead.
• If a warned player foot-faults again while delivering the jack, law 10.2 applies (the opposing player places the mat and re-delivers the jack, but does not play first).

Source: World Bowls, Laws of the Sport of Bowls Crystal Mark Fourth Edition, laws 7 and 8, https://www.worldbowls.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Laws_of_the_Sport_Fourth_Edition.pdf