What are the signs of a concussion?

Suspect concussion after any knock to the head or body that transmits force to the head. A hard knock is not required.

On-field signs (AIS decision tree):

• Loss of consciousness
• Lying motionless, slow to get up
• Seizure and tonic posturing
• Confusion, disorientation
• Memory impairment
• Balance disturbance or motor incoordination
• Nausea or vomiting
• Headache or "pressure in the head"
• Visual or hearing disturbance
• Dazed, blank or vacant stare
• Behaviour or emotional changes, "not themselves"
• Falling unprotected to the playing surface
• Facial injury

Subtler symptoms (which can be the only sign): feeling foggy, slowed down or tired, dizziness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light or noise, difficulty concentrating or remembering, drowsiness or trouble sleeping, feeling emotional, or the player saying they "don't feel right". Parents and teachers should watch for unusual behaviour, disorientation, clumsiness or loss of balance.