What signs should I watch for after a bump or blow to the head?

CDC HEADS UP lists these signs parents and coaches may see in children aged 5 to 17:

• Appearing dazed, stunned or confused about recent events
• Sudden difficulty remembering or concentrating
• Answering questions more slowly than usual
• Appearing more clumsy than usual, or unsteady on their feet
• Vomiting right after the injury with no other cause, such as a virus
• Suddenly slowed reaction times
• Mood, behavior or personality changes

On the field, NFHS guidance (2023) adds: confusion about their assignment or position, forgetfulness, being unsure of the game, score or opponent, and not remembering what happened just before or after the hit or fall.

Signs may not show up right away. Keep watching the athlete for hours and days afterward, and remove them from play if you see any of these.