What are the time limits and how are Time Violations penalized?

Limits (Code of Conduct, Time Violations):

• Between points: maximum 25 seconds from the ball going out of play to the ball being struck for the first serve of the next point. If that serve is a fault, the second serve must be struck without delay.
• Changeovers: maximum 90 seconds. After the first game of each set and during a tie-break, play is continuous with no rest.
• Set breaks: maximum 120 seconds.
• The receiver must play to the reasonable pace of the server.

Penalties: the first violation (as server or receiver) is a Time Violation Warning. Each later non-consecutive violation is a "fault" for the server and a "point penalty" for the receiver.

Separate schedule: Time Violations do not form part of the Code of Conduct Point Penalty Schedule. Two Time Violations are not issued back to back for the same situation: a player who gets a Time Violation Warning and is still not ready after a further 25 seconds receives a Code Violation for Delay of Game, with the penalty depending on earlier Code Violations in the match.

Exceptions: a delay resuming after an authorized rest period between the second and third sets, or an emergency toilet break during a game or before the opponent's serve, results in consecutive Time Violations. For the toilet break the clock runs from when the player leaves the court until they are due to serve next, so the maximum penalty is the loss of the game in progress (if serving) plus the next game.