How do electronic review and electronic line calling work at Tennis Canada events?

Systems (Tournament Regulation 26): Tennis Canada authorizes Electronic Line Calling (ELC) at sanctioned events. A "Review" system needs the player to challenge a call; a "Live" system makes calls without a challenge. Systems must be ITF certified (Silver or Gold) and approved by Tennis Canada, and used only on the surface they are accredited for. Before the tournament, players must be told the system name, instructions, challenge protocol and number of challenges.

When a chair umpire makes the line calls (Electronic Review Procedures):

• A player can request a review only on a point-ending shot, or when the player stops playing the point during a rally (returns are permitted but the player must then stop immediately).
• The chair umpire should use the review when in doubt about the call, but may refuse if the request is unreasonable or not timely.
• In doubles, the appeal must stop play or the chair umpire must stop it. If it was incorrect or late, the chair umpire may rule the opponents deliberately hindered and the appealing team loses the point.
• If the system cannot decide, the original call or overrule stands.
• The chair umpire's final decision is the outcome of the review and is not appealable.
• Each player (team) gets three unsuccessful appeals per set, plus one more in the tie-break. With advantage sets, the count restarts at 6-6 and every 12 games after. A match tie-break counts as a new set with three appeals. Successful appeals are unlimited.

Overturned calls: under Regulation 26, an overturned player call counts as an overrule, and an Incorrect Line Call Violation applies if the official determines a clear error occurred.

Match Assistants assist the chair umpire when Live ELC is used in place of line umpires.