When is play stopped for a violation or a penalty, and what is a delayed call?

Violations (Rule 13.1) and penalties (Rule 20.2) follow the same pattern.

• Team in control of the ring commits it: play is stopped immediately.
• Team not in control commits it: play continues and a delayed violation or delayed penalty is signalled. Play is stopped when that team gains control of the ring, unless the violation has been nullified. For a delayed penalty, play is also stopped when the team in control commits an infraction, or if the ring travels untouched from the defending to the attacking zone, when it comes to rest across the second blue line with both teams ineligible to play it.
• Nullified delayed violations: most are nullified when the ring entirely leaves the zone where the violation occurred. Violations for jewellery or improper equipment are nullified when the player fixes the fault or leaves the ice.
• Play is stopped immediately if the ring leaves the playing area, comes to rest on the back, side or top of the net, the net is dislodged so that it affects play, a goaltender is involved in the play without mandatory protective equipment, or a skater is involved without a helmet or face protector.
• Blatant offences. Play may be stopped immediately when the team not in control commits a blatant Misconduct, Major or Match penalty.
• Both teams with a delayed penalty: play is stopped when the second team commits its penalty.