What are the most common infractions and penalties?

Section 14 of the Official Rules and Case Book lists the Minor penalties (two minutes). For boarding, body contact, charging, cross-checking and elbowing, initial contact to the head or from behind makes it a Major or Match penalty instead.

• Boarding: using the body to force an opponent into contact with the boards.
• Body Contact: using any part of the body to contact an opponent in a forceful manner.
• Charging: the ring carrier skates directly into an opponent who has taken a legal defending position.
• Cross-Checking: forcefully contacting an opponent with the stick held with both hands in front of the body.
• Delay of Game: a violation after a warning for the same infraction; intentionally shooting or holding the ring out of play (for example holding it with the hand, sitting on it, or holding it against the boards or net); becoming involved in the play while completely in a prohibited area; or excess skaters becoming involved in the play in a restricted area.
• Elbowing: forcefully contacting an opponent with the elbow.
• High Sticking: raising the playing end of the stick above standing shoulder height within a stick length of any other on-ice participant, intentionally or not.
• Holding: impeding an opponent with the hand, arm or leg, or by placing the stick on top of the ring carrier's stick.
• Hooking: impeding an opponent by hooking the stick around any part of the opponent's body or stick.
• Illegal Substitution: too many players on the ice, leaving the penalty bench without permission, or entering through a door other than the players' bench or penalty bench.
• Interference: using the stick or body to physically block an opponent's movement.
• Slashing: forceful stick contact with an opponent's body or the non-playing end of the stick, or swinging the stick directly at an opponent in a forceful manner.
• Tripping: using the stick or any part of the body (or sliding) so that an opponent trips or falls.

If a Delay of Game penalty occurs in the last two minutes of regulation or at any time in overtime, a Penalty Shot may be awarded.