What are the 3, 5 and 8 second violations?

• 3 seconds: an attacking player can't stay in the key (the painted area under their own ring) for more than three seconds in a row while their team has the ball. Signal: arm out in front, three fingers showing.
• 5 seconds: a player who is closely guarded (a defender within about a metre) must pass, shoot or dribble within five seconds. A throw-in must also be released within five seconds. Signal: five fingers.
• 8 seconds: a team must get the ball from their backcourt over halfway into their frontcourt within eight seconds. Signal: eight fingers (five on one hand, three on the other).

In lower Year 3 divisions these are usually not called, or players get a warning first. Instead, tell the player quietly to step out of the key or move the ball. In top divisions they're called in full, and the other team gets a throw-in.