What happens to a team's timeout when its challenge succeeds or fails?

Under Rule 14 Section V:

• Unsuccessful challenge: the call is not overturned and the challenging team loses its timeout.
• Successful first challenge: the team keeps its timeout (unless the timeout taken with the challenge started a mandatory timeout) and is awarded a second challenge.
• Second challenge: the team does not keep the timeout used to initiate it, even if the challenge is successful.

What counts as success:

• A challenged foul is successful only if it is overturned, meaning no foul is assigned to any player or the foul is assigned to a different player. If the foul stays on the original player, the challenge is unsuccessful, even if it is changed from a shooting foul to a non-shooting foul.
• A challenged out-of-bounds violation is successful only if the review results in possession to the challenging team, a jump ball based on clear and conclusive evidence of simultaneous last touch, or a foul proximate to the out-of-bounds violation on the opposing team with possession to the challenging team.

Source: 2026-27 Official NBA Playing Rules, Rule 14 Section V.