How should I run safe practices for a 14U (14 and under) youth tackle football team? USA Football contact limits and levels, banned drills, stance, heat, concussions and lightning.
USA Football's contact guidelines (updated 2021, recommended for all contact game types):
| Period | Weekly full-contact limit | Daily limit |
|---|---|---|
| Preseason (after the acclimatization period, before games start) | 75 minutes | 30 minutes |
| Regular season (once games begin) | 60 minutes | 30 minutes |
"Full contact" means Thud or Live: any drill where player-to-player contact happens at competitive speed, whether or not players go to the ground.
Pair these limits with the other recommendations: no full-contact practices on consecutive days (including the day after a game), and no more than one full-contact game or scrimmage per week.
USA Football's original 2015 contact guidelines were endorsed by the ACSM, AMSSM and NATA. Your league may set stricter limits.
USA Football's Levels of Contact:
| Level | What it means | Full contact? |
|---|---|---|
| Air | No opponent and no contact | No |
| Bags | Contact with a bag or soft surface, not a player | No |
| Control | Assigned speed until contact, predetermined winner, above the waist, players stay on their feet | No |
| Control to ground | Assigned non-competitive speed, predetermined winner, controlled take-down allowed | No |
| Thud | Competitive speed through contact, no predetermined winner, above the waist, players stay up, quick whistle | Yes |
| Live | Competitive speed in game-like conditions | Yes |
USA Football defines full contact as any drill or activity where contact happens at competitive speed, judged by the initial player-to-player contact, whether or not anyone goes to the ground.
USA Football recommends leagues prohibit these player-to-player contact drills:
Also avoid any drill that:
These drills have high head-impact exposure and little carryover to real game skills.
No. USA Football recommends that practices with drills or activities considered full contact are not held on consecutive days, in the offseason or during the season. That includes the day after a game or live-action scrimmage.
USA Football says this lines up with NFHS and NCAA rules and recommendations and gives soft tissue time to recover.
A practical weekly pattern is to alternate full-contact days with days limited to air, bags and controlled contact.
USA Football recommends no more than one full-contact game or live-action scrimmage per week.
In the postseason, at least three days should pass between full-contact games.
Also count the day after a game as part of your contact plan: USA Football recommends no full-contact practice on the day following a game or live-action scrimmage.
USA Football recommends it:
Why: research shows players starting from a three- or four-point stance on or near the line of scrimmage take more repetitive head impacts. USA Football says all of its blocking and block-defeat techniques can be taught and applied from a two-point stance, and it prepares players to keep the head out of initial contact if they move to a three- or four-point stance later.
USA Football's practice guidelines put heat acclimatization first: introduce practice intensity and equipment gradually, and prioritize hydration, rest and safe conditions early in the season.
For a concrete schedule, the NATA-led Inter-Association Task Force guidelines for secondary school athletes use a 14-day acclimatization period:
| Days | Practices | Equipment |
|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | One a day, max 3 hours | Helmet only |
| 3-5 | One a day, max 3 hours | Helmet and shoulder pads; sleds and dummies allowed |
| 6-14 | Double days allowed, each followed by a single-practice day | Full pads; full contact can begin |
These are upper limits written for high school athletes; younger players should build up at least as gradually.
Follow the CDC HEADS UP steps:
Watch for: looking dazed or confused, forgetting plays or assignments, slow answers, clumsiness, vomiting and mood changes. Players may report headache, dizziness, nausea, vision problems, sensitivity to light or noise, or feeling foggy. Symptoms can appear hours or days later.
The CDC offers free online HEADS UP to Youth Sports Coaches concussion training.
Follow the default lightning policy from the NFHS Sports Medicine Advisory Committee:
Plan ahead: assign someone to monitor the weather before and during every session, know your evacuation route and nearby safe shelter, review the plan with your staff each year, and explain it to players at the start of the season.