How do substitutions and player rotation work?

• Maximum substitutes: three in Under 6 and 7, four in Under 8 and 9, and five in Under 10 and 11.
• When: players may be rotated on and off the field at any time during the game. A coach or parent may make substitutions while the ball is in play, as long as the player is off the field before the substitute goes on.
• Playing time: equal playing time should be a priority, so that all players, regardless of age, gender and/or ability, get to take the field.
• Rotation: regular rotation of players is key. If there is space on the sideline, substitutes should be encouraged to set up small-sided games or practise their skills in a designated area that does not interfere with play.

Source: Coles MiniRoos National Playing Formats and Rules, substitutions and playing formats.