What counts as an anti-doping rule violation, and what are the penalties?

Sport Integrity Australia (SIA) lists 11 anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) that apply to athletes, 7 of which also apply to coaches and support personnel:

1. Presence of a Prohibited Substance, or its metabolites or markers, in your sample
2. Use or attempted use of a Prohibited Substance or Method
3. Evading, refusing or failing to submit to sample collection
4. Whereabouts failures (3 in a 12-month period, for athletes in the Registered Testing Pool)
5. Tampering or attempted tampering
6. Possession of a Prohibited Substance or Method
7. Trafficking or attempted trafficking
8. Administration or attempted administration
9. Complicity
10. Prohibited association (with a support person who is serving a doping sanction or has been convicted or disciplined for doping)
11. Discouraging or retaliating against reporting to authorities.

Strict liability: for rule 1 it is not necessary to show intent, fault, negligence or knowing use. You are responsible for any substance found in your body, regardless of how it got there, so even unintentional use can be a violation.

Penalties: sanctions range from a reprimand, through a suspension, to a lifetime ban. SIA says bans from supplement-related violations can be up to 4 years. A sport may impose a provisional suspension while a case is investigated, and time served in compliance counts towards any final sanction.

Sources: https://www.sportintegrity.gov.au/what-we-do/anti-doping/11-anti-doping-rule-violations and https://www.sportintegrity.gov.au/what-we-do/anti-doping/anti-doping-rule-violations